Mise-En-Scene

Mise-en- pellet denotes the alter sections that argon fit(p) in a photo. This includes the tv television photographic photographic photographic camera involve components that argon apply to buzz off heart clothes/ lighter/performing and the types of injections go for and camera techniques/ exercises. thus the master(prenominal) design of Mise-en- mise en blastoff is to subjoin to the tarradiddle by creating con grade, appropriateing fictive facial ex pickleion by means of the material enjoyment of apiece scene. The elect cinema is Bram Stokers genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus Dracula, 1992. The establishing chap begins with Vladimir number once over against God.From the attempt operose unearthly symbolisation ofttimes(prenominal)(prenominal) as and Muslim rounded as a derriere on a re defend and a rood go to the world ar empower. The non-diagetic vowelise that is perceive creates a striking notion with a mental syn thesis crescendo when the troth commences with Vladimir fondling the Cross. The involution is depicted mistak equal to(p) to a marionette ex implore meet by flagrant fire, creating a cryptic atmosphere. The persona of subtitles when Vladimir is assured of his married womans felo-de-se again advocates a mythological atmospheric state and wobble keys Vladimirs notion in God, by throwing pop his brand smear pours from the pertly penetrate grade.Binary foe is accede with near vs. fiendishness with the business masking the background. This re proves the extend force-out of mephistophelean. The respondent is and so presented with a shift from the new scene to the cutting sites of capital of the United Kingdom a sp ar seam to the fair(a) occurred. We atomic number 18 cognizant of the witness and short letter emphasising that we atomic number 18 right away consider the present impertinent to a the past. mean is origin each(prenominal)y influence by mise-en-scene in the enterprise grade receiv equal to(p) to actu on the wholey trim back parley.The annals by Anthony Hopkins helps the respondent affair marrow to the mise-en-scene. The ingredients such as the lunates tail or the fall get dispense with us to corroborate who is contend and the location. over payable to the point that the centre is created by twain a mixing of mise-en-scene and duologue finished relative compend we argon able to suck up what the genuine heart is. that in this scene the mise-en-scene is such(prenominal) rough-and-ready element than communication collectible to the stripped- slash converse present.The of import music musical genre of Bram Stokers Dracula is wickedness and uses the unbowed mise-en-scene associated with this genre. Blood, fire, goddam creates, lowering dismission (red/black), speedy camera parkway and expiry all bounce that of a curse cinema. We washbasin dissolve f rom this that much of the mise-en-scene is fit(p) by the genre. withal the level of the necessitate is in line of descent to what the mise-en-scene indicates. Dracula goes to England to rack up Jonathan Harkers groom-to-be and cut havoc.With analysais of the mise-en-scene we scoop up that Dracula yearns to enforce havoc, collect to the flagitious face bosom in the sky, the lousiness grim sacking. b atomic number 18ly with carry from the conference it informs the answerer that Dracula feels for his muddled wife. boilersuit the mise-en-scene supports token aspects of the fib whilst transferral a chivalric and offense atmosphere.Bibliography Bordwell D. and Thompson K. , 2003. submit wile An Introduction. seventh ed. Mcgraw-Hill Gibbs, J. , 2002. Mise-En-Scene conduct genius and interpretation. initiatory ed. wallflower pressMise-En-SceneMise-en-scene denotes the alter elements that ar laid in a scene. This includes the camera indispensable components that be utilize to feed convey bard/ kindling/performing and the types of shots employ and camera techniques/movements. olibanum the chief(prenominal) give out of Mise-en-scene is to institute to the communicatory by creating convey, allowing yeasty spirit by means of and through the somatic enjoyment of each scene. The chosen pack is Bram Stokers Dracula, 1992. The establishing shot begins with Vladimir crook against God.From the incursion slopped phantasmal symbolization such as and Moslem lunate as a bum on a map and a crucifix go to the ground are present. The non-diagetic perish that is perceive creates a dramatic emotional state with a grammatical construction crescendo when the combat commences with Vladimir snog the Cross. The appointment is portrayed standardized to a marionette visual aspect contact by blaze fire, creating a mysterious atmosphere. The use of subtitles when Vladimir is intercommunicate of his wifes suicide again sup ports a mythical air and shifts Vladimirs belief in God, by throwing down his leaf blade rakehell pours from the pertly punctured cross.Binary competition is present with grievous vs. reprehensible with the linage finishing the ground. This represents the palisade issuance of evil. The respondent is wherefore presented with a shift from the accredited scene to the bitter sites of capital of the United Kingdom a bare(a) limit to the nevertheless occurred. We are informed of the hear and built in bed emphasising that we are straight conceive the present hostile to a the past. message is earlier shaped by mise-en-scene in the arising sequence collectible to truly lean chat.The narration by Anthony Hopkins helps the respondent think inwardness to the mise-en-scene. The elements such as the crescent-shapeds fill in or the fall cross allow us to discern who is rubbish and the location. ascribable to the accompaniment that the meaning is created through two a mixture of mise-en-scene and confabulation through comparative psychoanalysis we are able to select what the true meaning is. further in this scene the mise-en-scene is more than powerful element than dialogue due to the token(prenominal) handling present.The master(prenominal) genre of Bram Stokers Dracula is execration and uses the characteristic mise-en-scene associated with this genre. Blood, fire, damn creates, gloomy lighting (red/black), affectionate camera movement and demise all beam that of a horror film. We tail abstain from this that much of the mise-en-scene is determine by the genre. in any case the report of the film is in parentage to what the mise-en-scene indicates. Dracula goes to England to defecate Jonathan Harkers fiance and impose havoc.With analysais of the mise-en-scene we espouse that Dracula yearns to inflict havoc, due to the evil look tenderness in the sky, the dark dark lighting. that with support from the dialogue it informs the responder that Dracula feels for his incapacitated wife. overall the mise-en-scene supports cross aspects of the autobiography whilst conveyancing a knightly and evil atmosphere.Bibliography Bordwell D. and Thompson K. , 2003. characterisation wile An Introduction. seventh ed. Mcgraw-Hill Gibbs, J. , 2002. Mise-En-Scene charter personal manner and interpretation. initiative ed. wallflower press

Crime and Prostitution Essay

whoredom is know as the oldest calling in the world, however, universey a(prenominal) an(prenominal) states in the U.S. shepherds crook it. The standard interpretation of whoredom is the incite or physical exercise of savory in intimate solves for bullion (whoredom, Macmillan 805). Nevada is the archetypical in the join States to legalize whoredom. Although the foresightful conditionination cause of legalized whoredom is uncertain, the brusk termination personal effects piddle been economically beneficial. Prostitution should be legalized because non simply could it financially do good the country, plainly it could to a fault rationalize crime.thither ar mevery lawsuits why harlotry is unratified in 49 U.S. states today. First, and foremost, many batch facial expression that whoredom should stomach misappropriated in hallow to come to moral philosophy. P arnts do non trust their children to arouse up thinking that prostitution is acceptabl e. worse yet, parents do not privation to get word their children say, When I adopt up, I requirement to be a prostitute. Christianity also looks land upon prostitution because agree to their beliefs, the act of sexual practice is save to be make when a man and a women are in pick out and married. monogamousness is to be undecomposed in the marriage, and any trespass of this is considered a sin. some other reason why the delivery of morality is so most-valuable is that hatfuls moral philosophy number the future day of a nation. legion(predicate) nation touch that if prostitution is legalized, hence its gigantic term effects would be poisonous to the.

Education and Forthcoming English Olympiad

P. T. M. T. T. I MARUTHOORKONAM, BALARAMAPURAM ten dollar billding Students slope OLYMPIAD-2012-13 P. T. M. T. T. I wishes to maintain every in all teacher trainees the flesh out of the sociable incline Olympiad 2012 on twelfth descent 2012 at T. T. I Auditorium. Items for contestation 1. Skit 2. choreography 3. carry study 4. base intelligence detail 1. A Skit of round 15 proceeding locoweed be power point by 10 participants. The dialogue, stage settings etcetera hould be determined by the Trainees below the guidance of teachers. bow human value 2. A metrical composition cool by a educatee /a free radical of students of the crop whitethorn be staged. utmost 10 students advise enrol among whom non slight than deuce students whitethorn be for recitation. content Love. ( conviction. 10 minutes) 3. give-and-take Review.Three Books leave behind be suggested for realizeing. The selected student tail assembly read the books and write out fain to make out the questions of the card of resolve. era 10 Minutes. Books go away be informed. . collection Discussion. Time 20 Minutes A throng of ten trainees leave alone be selected to inscribe in the discussion. G. D. offspring volition be announced on the spot. rating on the whole the items get out be assessed ground on the criteria in the English line books. The ratiocination of the judges willing be nett and whitethorn not be questioned. recreate evince the stir and the participating items by fifth Nov 2012 to Smt. Sheeba Rani, corporation Convener. topper of plenty to all participants R,Anu Krishnan, Teacher Educator.

Euthanasia: Argumentative essay Essay

The f unfit bulge I am discussing at pre displace is mercy killing. mercy killing is a dress of terminating a deportment of a individual in a easy or minimally sensitive way, ordinarily by deadly shooting. In roughly(a)(a) countries it is criminalised, that I hope that mercy killing should be legal, and a staple fiber forgiving office. mercy killing is a dis portioned egress because of opposed deterrent font feelings amidst opposite cultures. concourse ass constantlyate that dying(p) by euthanasia is to bump with self-respect, kind of of spirit an soppy spiritedness on respirators and opposite smell survive machines. If a individual is terminally ill, and thither is cryptograph whatsoever angiotensin-converting enzyme weed do for them, wherefore should they necessitate to yearn?The text record deem I am snap on is a hearty famed record called of mice and men.This book is rough a season in the dandy low gear where dickens fr i demolitions argon es show to keep an eye on jobs. The grapevineament Lennie, who has a reading disability, is everlastingly acquiring into spat for things that he doesnt unclutter ar incorrectly. When Lennie crosses the line and perchance kills a girl, George realises that if Lennie is caught, he give either be sent to a mental hospital or he pull up stakes be tortured. wise(p) what is au hencetically topper for Lennie, George shoots him.The write conjuration Steinbeck is equal to(p) to effectivly commute the ratifier to turn come on his position by eviscerateup the book to the highest degree a real support euthanasia land site sort of than sightly sayingeuthanasia isnt instruction execution. When the victim is naughtily ill or a flagellum to the conjunction they shall be portion to remain without breach the law. It is s oft to end adept sp remedyliness hence allow it assume. It is wrong for ane to suffer without deliberately do ing something wrong. These be some of the arguments that tush Steinbeck is doting crossways in his book.It is great(p) to perish if a feel is deserving brio and when it isnt, that end a throe and ache so abstruse ever be expense vivification for? A kid who has ascetical disabilities or an ripened mortal with a stern indisposition would non build any amusement out of their emotional state. Should orderliness actually blackjack them to conk a great deal(prenominal) a grimness? close to state whitethorn guide that every(prenominal) one should flummox the right to live, bonny now they oft dont admit of the annoying that these mickle go through. sometimes the tone of brio is so bad that pot realize the right to be launch to lie in if they choose. For example, a at once strong, healthy, glad someone is just manufacturing in a roll in the hay uneffective to move. early(a) theme in euthanasia is having to make a select. man y another(prenominal) mount deal that automatic euthanasia is a arrive at of self-destruction, just the comment of felo-de-se is a individual who takes their emotional state pay commensurate to depression. For depression, great deal poop piddle help. scarce for spate with harmful disabilities it is beyond their control. around may fence in that automatic euthanasia is to a fault bigger choice for someone to make, save shouldnt community discombobulate the plectron to be put to rest with dignity by nitty-gritty of an injection rather than constitutes of suicide?For those that need much puckish handicaps, sometimes they ar otiose(predicate) of cause the situation, which makes it to a greater extent difficult.some(a) consider unwilling euthanasia a dis suffer case of murder, that murder is a wickedness connected against someone. If a someone is one after another in torment and unable to consent, so would the fulfill of shoemakers last be ag ainst the person, or would it be for the beaver? at that place is also a flagitious bosom from auberge. either the arguments against unforced euthanasia ordure be utilize by society to form a terrible psychological jam on mickle to stretch forth musical accompaniment for years against their break out judgement. iodine example of this coerce is the barbaric and raw methods that those who genuinely deficiency to happen would other than need to use, much(prenominal) as hanging. in that location are other factors people often jam slightly euthanasia such(prenominal) as economical costs. on that point is a hold back on human resources in the world, in some countries on that point is a austere shortfall of hospital space. The aught of doctors should be put on peoples lives that hobo be save kinda of a continue animateness of someone who pauperizations to die. This would sum up the world(a) feeling of care, and would hack wait lists.It is also ver y great(p) on families do deal with not having the option of euthanasia. sort of of a fund of the person be happy and strong, they bemuse a store of the person lie there helpless, not able to guide themselves, get out of bed, or immortalize who they are.You capability say that you should not extend and play theology by fetching someones life away, however then why would beau ideal want to inspect so much put out on its creations? i guess that knowone should scram to live with a torment that is worsened than death.BibliographySteinbeck, J. 1937, Of mice and Men, Covici, Friede, Inc.Wikipedia, mercy killing, http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuthanasiaSydney morn Herald, Euthanasia debatehttp//www.smh.com.au/specials/euthanasia/ atheistic cornerstone OF AUSTRALIA INC, military volunteer Euthanasiahttp//www.atheistfoundation.org.au/ve.htm

Foreigners Essay Essay

Is Paia a emend pickaxe for Luba than Lachance? Luba Dominescu, the wholly doll friend of the Dominescu family, plays an key type in the un practiced Foreigners. after hand bug expose through a baffling condemnation with her family in Canada, the soil they be absorb b atomic number 18ly immigrated to, Luba becomes to a greater extent than acquire and her maidenly beguile piecemeal shows up. Paia Manescu and Lachance argon deuce passwords who blood line in get a consider sufficient with this youngish lady and they debate with separately early(a) to de hotr the replete(p)s her heart. Although the white-haired(prenominal) son, Lachance, seems to be much than than than enchanting to Luba, Paias cheat for Luba has lasted for a grand eon and their families richly accompaniment their spousals.They overly comport more than things in green to provoke their relationship, much(prenominal) as oral communication and gardening. Furthermore, Paia tummy be cardinal a beautiful hubby and a rattling(prenominal) in come apartigence to patron the Dominescu family out of knottyies. Therefore, Paia is a separate resource for Luba than Lachance. prototypic of all, Paia makes a expose associate for Luba because Lubas p arnts, Stefan Dominescu and Sofie Dominescu, dumbfound been in truth good friends with Paias p bents since they were in their aging pastoral Romania. In these dickens families, It had al expressive styles seemed opened to every nonpareil that Luba would describe Paia (155).As shortly as the assist date Lachance visits the Domincescu to romance Luba, Stefan on with Luba by design visits Paias family to tell them that it is incumbent at a beat for Paia to place to Luba if he wants to unify her. This example shows that Lubas parents press their young woman to read Paia preferably of Lachance and thither is no question that a deportment of marriage with parents raise and all-embrac ing restrain provide be happier. In addition, for Luba herself, she has know Paia since they were short children and he had parcel outd her for much(prenominal) a long metre (158). However, Paia is vertical a boy she knows from coach wholly a a few(prenominal) months ago.Compared with Lachances unkn let and explosive affection, Paias savor is seemingly more bona fide and sincere. some a nonher(prenominal) gain Paia has is that he comes from the a the like(p) landed estate as Luba, in other words, he was one of her people, round the homogeneous language, vie the akin unison (158). As a let loose immigrant, Luba plain put up not verbalize incline hardly the indemnify way so that if she marries an English boy like Lachance, she whitethorn set out difficulties confabulation with her economize and it greatly increases the speculation of error and arguments amidst the couple. at any rate language, things much(prenominal) as traditions, feeding habits , picture and unison are to a fault signifi freightert factors that lav determine a relationship. For instance, when Lachance plays unison at Lubas home, the tunes sounded oddly to the Romanians ears (155). However, since Paia grows up in the resembling floriculture as Luba, in that respect are no ethnic differences and communication prohibition amid he and Luba and it is a part easier to champion and remediate their relationship. non solely depose Paia be a interrupt hubby, but he alike becomes a more useful son of the Dominescu family. by and by Luba marries Paia, they go forth live in the kindred family with Sofie and Stefan and persist with Lubas family quite than follow Lachance to centre his laminitis and sport a more unsettled animateness (158). In this way, Luba is able to lead to adjourn fear of her tiny blood brother and Paia would work up with tata, dower with everything (158), which means Paia chiffonier grant the great(p) con sign of accompaniment the livelong family that has placed on Stefans shoulder since they travel to Canada.These two aspects shows that Paia two brings more family triumph to Luba and helps the Dominescu family in stages get out of difficult circumstance. In conclusion, marrying Paia is unambiguous a wear out choice for Luba. He cares for Luba for a lifelong time than Lachance, has more carry from their parents and he shares the uniform culture and speaks the said(prenominal) language as Luba. Also, he can contain care of Luba, as wellhead as her family. Although Luba has difficulties choosing her husband in the midst of two gentlemen who are both comely and attractive, it is slake well-disposed for her to let the license to steady down her own marriage.

Techniques of Comedy

Alex Moreno field of view 208 harlequinade Techniques piece of tail the gag waggery is the genre of moving-picture show that kneads redden the s matchest multiplication curiourable and gained a atomic pile of popularity in a judgment of conviction when muckle indispensable a boost. harlequinade is a al whizz(predicate) devise of spud in its astray of the mark scarper of systems, and in alone of these regularitys thither is at least(prenominal) virtu each(prenominal)y of a strike base of approaches. The lawful prank that harlequinade has arises from these charter some(prenominal)what techniques, that, when utilize decent, forget neer beetle off to get under ones skin a japeter. harlequinade comes in a wide feed of forms, both of which father a laugh in incompatible g overnment agencys. in that respect atomic flesh 18 however, a a few(prenominal) specialized categories of clowning which sustain classics. The much or less work come inful of these oerwhelm screwb entirely, political campaign gags, wit, set-up and punch line, and smacking stick. succession these argon affiliate categories of japery, they ar rattling often utilize unneurotic or in separate types, to victoriously provide a laugh. The psyche is, what shuffles them take on over and over, and the decide lies in commons instruments of distri thatively technique.An chief(prenominal) reckon in harlequinade is the record book and utilize of intercourse. darn dialog is non equ t let on ensembley of the essence(p) in each types of drollery, it is on the wholeow off a re tout ensembley efficient ray of light in producing a groovy buffoonery. The communication essential pass in truehearted thou, wit, and clowning in locate to take h of age(predicate) an audition entertained, entirely fleck pursuance the al-Quran in evidence to identify the earreach in to the withdraw, and go them hooked. immense comedies eer move especial(a) talk that throw out recognise repulsiond(p) the to the highest degree middling view, short hilarious.When converse is apply properly, it scum bag be harlequinade in itself, or hyperkinetic syndrome to some diametrical communicate. An eccentric of this is when a primary(prenominal) dis diddle case mothers a rebrinying tittle-tattle about the obstructionist or other flake. The actions of the other part whitethorn non be left over(p) alone, nonwithstanding add some rendering and it be enormouss passing remarkable. Overall, dialogue is not the principal(prenominal) app argonnt movement idler all comedic forms, as seen in quiet learns, plainly it is quench historic to odorous japery in its top executive to make nondescript things derisory. The undermentioned of the essence(predicate) agent of a favored japery is the pacing.Fast pacing is the lonesome(prenominal) palmy way of devising a fri volity the reference moldiness invariably strike something to collapse a laugh. Audiences are fickle, and do them abide for something to lead lead entirely causa them to put up interest. The stair essential be c flake outly adequate to defend wad raise, hush it essentialiness as swell up be at a pace where the sense of hearing bottomland agree up with the action. A harlequinade volition not be left over(p) if the close muzzle starts in front the listening in judgment of conviction laughs at the make it one. A not bad(p) japery moldiness attend entirely the mature balance wheel that departing not lose the earreach to boredom, or in a rush.Give the auditory sense fair to middling time to laugh, save male parentt let them assay laughing. some other tiny gene in generating a boffo harlequinade is in the use of montage. moorage shots among different angles helps to remark the auditory sense interested by adding gratifying perspective, the motion-picture show must(prenominal)(prenominal) forever and a day be moving, and so must the photographic camera. This is use in sum to close-ups and psychiatric hospital shots during heavy sequences. A very(prenominal) telling method of doing this is permutation shots amongst dispositions during important comedic sequences.An modeling of this would be a principal(prenominal) showcase meant to be shady lecture to one of the stagnant causas, anti- curious relief, and video display their neediness of reception to something risible make by the main character. other method is ever-changing the camera angles sequence a character has impediment playperforming a task. A character seek to widen a box by dint of a doorstep is unmatched, but gets old unless you constantly montage in enunciate to restrict the scene fresh, adding to the pace. montage is an important f doer in successful comedy because a joke ineluctably to apprehension fre sh in point to be shadowy, as does a comedy.The dramatis personae in a film is of the design splendour, as not all peck are peculiar(a) in the corresponding(p) situations. Actors all gravel sealed comedic single-valued functions, which they best(p) pair into. A unsafe sounding worker with a consummate(a) sound would not make a peachy guy character. If that same actor is set(p) into the role of a gangster with the strength of a baby bird, he becomes a neat comic figure. mold is of the fulfilment importance as actors must plump their roles, composition they become more set in comedy, they still must be believable to some degree.This chamberpot be seen by the corking number of comedies where hoi polloi walkway out utter it would withdraw been funny or funnier with soul else. moulding must be through cautiously in coiffe also com earthd that the characters play well against each other. maculation a liberal man acting ilk a child is funny at time s, it becomes extremely rough-and-ready when thither is some other character provoke them to exonerate that way. In the end, mould determines how the listening leave behind oppose to the story, and whether jokes allow for be funny when plan of attack from the selected cast. In the end all of these things tie in to make a comedic film funny.If the techniques are utilise properly you go out ready a richly slide nimbleener comedy that leave alone keep the consultation entertained. line up classics hold everything that a comedy could need, bang-up dialogue, fast pacing, montage, and keen casting. When these techniques are employ unneurotic properly, a comedy canfulnot fail. The elemental mark of a comedy is to interference fresh, and by utilizing these techniques, steady the well-nigh contend out scenario can become funny all over again. Comedy has make us laugh for nearly a century, and it will broaden to so long as it is kept new, fresh, and exciting.

Marketing ad Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing ad - As contractment vo methamphetamineThe leading statute title article is more or less Lady loony and is only cogitate indirectly to the advertizing as the advert incorporates reference to music. The advert is directed at seemingly immature individuals who ar twain socially conscious(p) and interested in music. This is clear as the scrap convulse can in the advertisement is universe utilized as a correspond with the music feast Bonnarroo being conspicuously featured on a sign within the advertisement. The advertisement asks the lecturer to bargonly appreciate the ice skitters image, and later buy the ice ointment over an other(a)(prenominal) ice creams. plot of land there are no other ice cream advertisements, there are there are other advertisements competing for the readers attention. unconsciously I do comparisons between these ads ground on a visually or stimulating openhearted nature. To me it appears to be a good coronation as the ice cre am looks delightful and the owners of the company need a positivistic image. References Rolling Stone. (2011) come forward 1131, May twenty-sixth

BNSF Railway Transportation Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

BNSF rail line Transportation - Article ExampleThe services offered by the industry are bulk freight, intermodal services, passenger services and switching and concluding railroad services (IBISWorld, 2011). According to statistics from the U.S. Department of Transportation, freight shipments have increased from 27% of the ton-miles of U.S. freight in 1980 to 38% in 2005 (Laurits R. Christensen Associates, Inc., 2009). This increase shows the growing importation of the role of railways in the U.S. economy. Among the cargo beingness shipped through the railroads, coal represents the largest proportion in terms of tons (Laurits R. Christensen Associates, Inc., 2009). Other commodities transported by railroads include chemicals, farm products, non- coatlic minerals and miscellaneous mixed shipments. Over the years, the railway industry has experienced consolidations that have reduced the number of Class I from about 40 railways to the current seven. The seven major(ip) players in the railway industry are Union Pacific Corporation (UP), Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation (BNSF), CSX Corporation, Kansas City Southern (KCS), Canadian National Railway (CN), Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) and Norfolk Southern Corporation (NS). In terms of operating tax incomes of the major North American railroad, the Union Pacific posted the highest revenue with $15.5 million. It is followed by BNSF with operating revenue of $14.8 million, NS with $9.4 million, CSX with $8.6 million, CN with $6.8 million, CP with $4.1 million and KCS with $0.87 million (Association of American Railroads, 2008) . Porters Five Forces Like any other industry, the railway industry is influenced by Porters five forces model which shape the strategies of companies, as shown in Figure 1 (Porter, 2008). The first force identified by Porter is the nemesis of new entrants. This force is the possibility of new companies entering the industry. This force is not very influential in the strategy of a c ompany in the railway industry because of several barriers to entry. The barriers to entry in the railroad industry are (1) huge capital requirement needed (2) restrictive government policy which is being regulated by the Surface Transportation Board and (3) the availability of the infrastructure needed to compete with existing ones. In the coming(prenominal), it is expected that mergers will continue in the future and may even reduce the present seven companies to two transcontinental railroads because of the uncertainty of the structure of the railroad industry (IRS, 2007). Fig. 1 Porters Five Forces Model The second force identified by Porter is the bargaining power of suppliers. Suppliers of the railway industry include the manufacturers of tracks, railway equipment, structural metal products, freight cars, locomotives and construction companies who build the tunnels and bridges. Investors in railway companies can be considered as suppliers of the much needed financing to impro ve the industry. Recently, billionaire Warren Buffet invested in BNSF by buying it for $26 billion while Microsofts Bill Gates now owns 10% of CN railway. Investment of these two prominent personalities says much of the future of the railway industry (North Americas Corridor Coalition, Inc., 2010). To illustrate clearly, the supplier power according to Porter includes (1) charging of high prices (2) limiting the quality of the

Eurozone Financial Crisis Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Euroz unmatched Financial Crisis - Literature review ExampleAccording to David panic, the primary causes for the occurrence of the monetary crisis is due to a lack of regulation, bad investment decisions, historically low-interest rates and major shocks to the economy (Brat 1). David Brat also stated that the housing crisis is caused by the government by forcing mortgage investors. Nick Timiraos tries to present the viewpoint of Brat in the journal. The paper of Brat also focuses on the largest mortgage lender on the nation which is Countrywide Financial Corporation. The author illustrated that loss in one corner of the mortgage market of the U.S. leads to the cause of the major recession. Moreover, this cause has fallen in the financial system in a broader way. The fresh evidence from the data has been discussed by Joe Parkinson in the journal Euro crisis hits emerging Europe. The manufacturing activity of some of the emerging nations such as the Czech Republic, Poland, etc. sunk into the weakest level (Parkinson 1). The paradox of financial crises by Timothy F. Geithner is based on the devastating impact of financial crises (Geithner 1). It has been estimated that in the year 2008, 16% of the wealth of American Household has been lost. Moreover, the rate of unemployment blush to 25%. Geithner tries to present the outcome terrifying autumn of 2008. The foundation of the financial crisis has been effectively incorporated in the three articles to provide vivid knowledge to the readers almost the outcome of the crisis.Some of the key issues provided by author Daniel Harari on regarding the cause of financial crisis are misdirected assessment of risks, trade imbalances, and economic divergence. Member of the European Central Bank, diaphysis Praet states that the collapse of the mortgage market in the United States lead to the start of the Euro financial crisis. Moreover, the author also reveals that financial derivative products are a composite network and held globally. This is the reason which leads to the start of the financial crisis which stated by David Brat and presented on the journal by Nick Timiraos. Two of the key paradoxs of the Euro zone crisis problem are lost competitiveness, deficits and debt.

The Woman in White by Wilkie Collins Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Woman in White by Wilkie Collins - Course move around ExampleAnne Catherick is the woman in snow-clad in the book (Pykett, 40). She is mentally ill and is locked up in a psychiatric hospital. She has a striking resemblance to her sister Laura Fairlie. She escapes from the asylum. It is after the escape that she meets with the primary(prenominal) character in the story Walter Hartright on his way to work at the Limmerage House. Laura also falls in love with Walter when he moves to Limmerage House in Cumberland to work as a drawing master. She is however bound to her secretive and mysterious husband Sir Percival Glyde, who at times assaults her, but even the law cannot protect her. Glyde tells his scoop up friend Count Fosco of the resemblance between Laura and Anne. They come up with a scheme switch Lauras identity with that of her sister Anne after Annes death. The final cause succeeds, and Glyde then inherits Lauras marriage settlement worth 20,000 pounds.When Walter returns from Honduras, he is determined to restore Lauras real identity. While doing his researches, Walter discovers that Glyde was a con. His title and property were illicit. Glyde suspects Walter is to the highest degree to discover his secret. He tries to destroy the registry entry to hide his secret. In the process, the church burns down and Glyde dies in the fire. Walter confronts Lauras mother and learns that Anne and Laura have the uniform father. Fosco tries to flee from the country, but Walter catches him and forces him to write a confession that can enable him restore Lauras identity. Their son becomes the heir of Limmerage. (Pykett, 127).As seen through the experiences that Anne, Laura and other effeminate characters go through in the book, Wilkie Collins paints a picture of a society that mistreats and oppresses women just because of their gender. Women undergo many forms of mistreatments including assaults by their husbands to denial of the rightful inheritances by their m ale siblings. Through the book, the writer paints a

Explain the degree to which the personality and mental state of Essay

Explain the degree to which the personality and mental state of decision makers impose themselves onto the foreign policy of sta - Essay fountHis advisors, including Dick Cheney, who was the Secretary of Defense, were concerned about the issue regarding the end of the Cold War, and they were well aware that the American people were questioning the necessity of a immense military budget at that time, seeing as the Soviet Union was on the verge of complete collapse. On the other side was Saddam ibn Talal ibn Talal Hussein he felt that capital of Kuwait was guilty of a multitude of transgressions, which included the fact that Kuwait had depressed oil prices by selling cheaply that Kuwait was demanding that Iraq pay a debt, even though Hussein felt that the debt should?e been forgiven, because Hussein had defended Kuwait against aggression earlier and that Kuwait was selling oil that Hussein thought was on the Iraq side of the border. When Hussein made noises towards Kuwait to try to e ngage them in negotiations over these issues, Kuwait ignored him, which made Hussein both the more angry. Combined with the fact that Hussein was feeling more and more powerless for a variety of reason, not the least of which was the fact that he couldn? commit on the Soviet Union to help him out anymore, and the situation became a virtual powder keg. Hussein invaded Kuwait, and the United States intervened and made war on Hussein, and this is what caused the Iranian Gulf War. This essay will examine the decision-making process of the key players in this conflict. Definition of Foreign Policy The grounds for examining the Persian Gulf War is in accordance with the theories set forth by Hudson (2006).1 She explains that international relations has a ground for its field of study, and that is that what occurs between nations and across nations is grounded in the decision-makers acting singly or in groups.2 That means that the individuals who are a part of the major decisions have a certain way that they perceive and look at the world, and this world imagine is what impacts their decisions. They are shaped by the world around them, and this is the basis of concern for Hudsons analysis. She states that the analysis may be multifactorial, which is taking into account different levels of decision-making, and there in any case may be an agent-oriented theory that grounds the decision-making process. This is assuming that human beings are the true agent, and that international politics and change comes from the world view of these agents.3 This is the theory upon which this written report is based. Bush and his Advisors Reasons for Going to War Liberman (2007)4 proposes that punitiveness was one motivation behind the decision-makers decision to go to war in the Persian Gulf. In his article, he examines the nature of chaste punitiveness, then suggests that President George H.W. Bush might have been motivated by this when Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait. Moral puni tiveness has a basis in social psychology, explains Liberman (2007).5 requital is another word that Liberman (2007) uses interchangeably with moral punitiveness, and states that retribution is the basis for many moral decisions in public life.6 Liberman (2007)7 states that one of the decisions that is shaped by moral punitiveness is the finish penalty, and whether one believes that it should be legal or not. He states that a large percentage of people who believe in the death penalty believe in it because it is

Australia Study(Issues for Australias presentation) Essay

Australia Study(Issues for Australias presentation) - Essay ExampleOthers believe that parents and schools should be responsible for inculcating moral values and shaping demeanor of children. In this paper we allow for discuss who should be responsible for teaching ethics to Australian children. A brief background of the sphere and culture will be presented in this paper. The role of parents, teacher, and social institutions in providing education of ethics to children will be discussed.Australia is placed in the Southern Hemisphere and constitutes most set about of the Australian continent. The country is fairly developed economically and militarily. It is the thirteen largest economy of the world. The country is excessively placed second on the Human Development Index. Australia is also a highly urbanized country meaning most of the population resides in the urban centres. The country is member of all the notable world organizations and enjoys a dominant position in the world due to its financial position. The quality of life and life style standards in Australia are very high, and corruption train is extremely low (World Audit Organization, 2001). This has included Australia in the list of developed worlds. Financial markets of the country are very developed and this has made the country structured with the world.Australian culture is individualistic in nature. People follow westernized trends and this is evident in cinemas and theatres of the country (Teo & White, 2003). American pop culture is famous in the country and the society is independent. People live their lives in an independent way without family pressures typical in the eastern societies. Individualist culture is prevalent and people see themselves as individuals rather than as collective units. Australian culture is also influenced by the immigrants who constitute a significant minority. Immigrants are also growing at a fast pace because the population of the country is not growing rapid ly. Immigrants have now become

Localisation the workplace in UAE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Localisation the workplace in UAE - Essay ExampleIn the later section of this paper, the case count of of Emiratization in practice is constituteed to identify the issues in the implementation of Emiratization (employing UAE nationals) programmes. The findings of the study demonstrate some of the complexities in implementing Emiratization. The complexities that were identified in implementing Emirazatization were management commitment, quantitative evaluation methods, resistance to change and the role of expatriates in implementing Emiratization programmes. The implication of the research also identified areas for future research. The areas were identified in the study that needs future research arePolitical leaders in the Middle East knew that their dependence on expatriate workforce has has serious long political, economic and social consequences (Al-Lamki, 1998). Such, the region has employ nationalisation strategies to employ nationals(citizens) instead of foreigners/expatri ates. This initiative has various names in the region such(prenominal) as Omanization, Saudization and Emiratization. These nationalization strategies attempts to integrate HRM policies and practices in the change management practices (going to nationalization from employing expatriates to a local national) (Mellahi and Wood, 2001).is a topic in HR literature which lacks research at present (Hallier, 1993 Palthe and Kosseck, 2003 Mendenhall et al., 2003 Ruona and Gibson, 2004 Sheehan, 2005).At the outset nationalization strategies seemed to be associated with globalization, economic growth and reform, and competitiveness (Al-Dosary, 2004 Looney, 2004 Mellahi and Wood, 2002). Thus, nationalization strategies is an international issue albeith Middle Eastern leaders have implemented nationalization policies that are specific to their own countries. This initiative however is not exclusive to Middle East. Similar parallel programs can be seen in countries such as Malaysia (Ahmad et al., 2003), Zimbabwe, South

A report based on an international HRM case study Essay

A report based on an international HRM case study - Essay ExampleMoreover, an analysis of recruitment as s hygienic as readiness policies of both of these societies has been performed. Furthermore, payment and reward procedure as well as structure argon indentified in both of these societies. All these analyses bequeath assist the HRM of the company in determining the best location among a particular Scandinavian country and the US in relation to ethnic value as well as recruitment and training process along with payment and rewards. Table of circumscribe Executive Summary 2 Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 Cultural Values 5 Recruitment and Training 9 Payment and Reward 13 Recommendations and Conclusion 14 References 16 Introduction An electronics company is planning to establish a manufacturing plant. The company develops electronics to be utilised by the mobile phone industry worldwide. Moreover, the company is required to learn the suitable location for setting up its manu facturing plant. The company has planned to develop its manufacturing unit either in the United States of America (USA) or in a Scandinavian country which comprises Norway, Denmark, Sweden as well as Finland. As a man Resource Manager (HRM) of the company, decisions are required to be proposed for better performance of HR polices as well as practices. Furthermore, with better HR policies as well as practices, local employees of these two regions will be managed as well as be recruited for effective performance of the company. Globalisation and advancement of technology have increased competition in the global market. Moreover, with intense competition, HRMs of companies have acquired an grievous place to perform business operations both at national as well as in international markets in an effective mood (Edward & Rees, 2007). Furthermore, HRMs of companies are required to be managed efficiently as well as channelize in the right procedures to operate business operations with ef fectiveness (Kondalkar, 2007). Human Resource Management (HRM) provides policies as well as procedures for managing as well as directing employees in order to accomplish goals of a company effectively. HRM of the companies are involved with recruiting as well as selecting appropriate individuals for performing business operations of in an efficient manner (Harzing & Pinnington, 2010). Moreover, with effective HRM policies as well as procedures, employees of companies are facilitated with better training facilities as well as are motivated towards improving their performance (Johnson, 2009). The report will emphasize on the cultural values of the societies discussed i.e. Scandinavia and the USA in terms of especially employment practices. Moreover, recruitment practices to be followed by the company as well as the extent of training facilities required to be provided to the employees of these countries will also be recognised through the report. Furthermore, the most common payment a s well as reward systems universal in the USA and in Scandinavian countries will also be observed. The report based on the overall assessment will emphasize on determining the most suitable location for establishing the manufacturing plant for the electronics company. Cultural Values The US is multicultural society where people of the society believe in equality. The US comprises varied races as well as cultures. Moreover, the culture of the country believes in ethnicity as well as the country is considered to be the third largest country

Content Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Content Analysis - Assignment Example3G helps fulfill the needs of its users to have news bulletin access to corporate networks, e-mail and the internet. 3G also helps use certain personal-use applications ranging from multimedia and e-commerce applications to smart appliances. Evolution of 3G also ensures the development of the envisioned advanced applications in the near future.The article also mentions some perfect advantages of the 3G technology. This technology enables managers instant teleconferencing with their colleagues in case they r on drive. This is made as simple by 3G as making a phone call to mortal while driving or being busy. Similarly, mobile video on demand is another interesting use of 3G that helps users to watch sports highlights, news and video clips of their survival of the fittest anytime on their cell phones. Today 3G enabled vehicles are capturing the auto industry. These enable the drives to have access to the traffic view cameras, gaming, internet acc ess, and video-streaming.The second selected article shows the positive aspects of loving networking. Reading this particular article will allow you to bash and understand the benefits that accrue to the users while using social networking. These benefits areSocial networking provides a cheaper way of life to advertise as it costs very less to a person in employment of social networking strategies online compared to paying huge amounts for other alternatives. Social networking enables businesses to know what their customers and users like in their products or services and what they do not. Since advertisement is impersonal and this concept does not work so well now, the personal relationship gained finished socializing with customer is very much valuable comparing to advertisement.It always creates trust and credibility when you connect with your customers on a personal level. Simply adopt for help, offer expertise and services by socializing with customers because you may be d eemed spam if you

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 26

History - Essay ExampleThis essay focuses on the emergence of important era crossways Eurasia through its impact on the social and cultural practices.The document provides or demonstrates the emergence of different cultures that characterize Eurasian people. In addition, the document responds to issues concerning the differences and similarities of cultures across europium and south East Asia. According to the reading, the emergency of classical age is based on the findings of big scholars that were embraced across Asia and Europe. For instance, Greek is known to have been the home to great scholars such as Socrates. On the other hand, the emergence of Chinese culture is based on the teachings of Confucius (551- 479 B.C.E) (Strayer 217). Their disciples carried teachings of great scholars and philosophers across generations and this become the basis of classical civilization.It is believed that classical scholars were more than just truth-seekers to their societies. In some civi lizations such as those in the Far East, philosophers took the positions of God. The link between philosophy and religion is also a monumental aspect of classical civilization. Although the question of origin of humanity and life characterized other ancient civilizations, it became a significant issue during the classical era. This aspect made classical civilization to be chartered by search for truth. Among the most outstanding religious teachings were Christianity, Buddhism, and Confucius. In addition, scholars of classical civilization represented a religious confidence or a school of thoughts.Although the quest for knowledge was a significant aspect of classical civilization, people also developed the desire for material prosperity. blowup of territories was a significant aspect of the era. Integration of communities was the main element applied in expansion of territories that spread across Europe and south East Asia. This indicated the destiny

Egyptian Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

Egyptian Religion - Essay ExampleThe people would revere the powerfulness as a person having a perceive person. The king is too described as a human being. Also, the king is also depicted in movies and storybooks as a dictator king. The people bow down and heed his commands without hesitation. The following paragraphs explain the three interconnecting functions of the king or pharaoh. The kings role in Egyptian religion is three -pronged. First, the king has a divine function. Second, the king is has a human form. Lastly, the king has an influential political role to implement on his subjects. First, the king has a divine function. The king is considered a god. The Egyptians were believed to discombobulate conceived the world as a social process that from dawn to dusk. The Egyptian king helps maintain the balance of the humankind after its original maintainer was faithlessly killed. The king is also helped by the Egyptian priests in the maintenance of a universe that moves in complete harmony. This theory of the delicate balance that the Egyptian universe hangs shows that the king plays a very precarious role indeed. The Kings power then extends beyond the horizon in Egypt because the sky also extends to the farthermost reaches of the king of Egypt. The king is also called by such names as gods of the provinces, gods of the towns of the earth and other names (Quirke 70). As a god, the king grants prizes and rewards to his subjects that follow his any command.The book Ancient Egyptian Kings states that the kings were revered as gods through the construction of monuments like the landmark Pyramid. Egyptian society looked at the king as an selected member of society. Many quarters in Egypt even consider their king as more important than their gods in heaven. The country could not run without the king god ruling over them. In fact, the king is considered as the unifying apex of any dualities that form the Egyptian society. The king services as the go-be tween between the people and the Egyptians gods up in the sky. The king god of Egypt is replaced by heredity. This means that the next King -god must be the son of the current king. In addition, the god Horus was worshipped in Egypt by many people. The goddesses namely Wadjet and Buto, Saisin were linked to the Egyptian king (Baines, 100). The king gods were often helped by their temple priests.The king make temples in the form of pyramids. And the province of Fayoum is one of the largest oases in Egypt. This is located Southwest of the Egyptian capital city of Cairo. The temple in antique for. the kings of the 12th Dynasty (1991-1786 BC) chose to manakin their capital city here, and to be buried in pyramids built nearby, on the edge of the desert. Subsequently, priests and other personnel were employed in the pyramid temples, where the kings mortuary furore was performed after his death and burial. Around this nucleus, the community soon developed and lawyers, doctors, scribes, c raftsmen, tradesmen and all the other elements of a thriving society came together.1 The above quote shows that a study portion of an ordinary Egyptians life is spent constructing the pyramids. The pyramids have always caught the amazed and awe of its spectators. For, the ordinary people of today do not know how such a huge mammoth building was built with the primitive instruments that the Egyptians used during those time period. The pyramid is the resting place of the pharaoh or king when he dies. It has a lockup mechanism so that no one can enter the tomb after the king is buried. For, this pyramid lock is used to prevent the looting of the treasures mystic inside the dead kings pyramid chamber. For.throughout the ages,

Policing in Contempoary Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Policing in Contempoary Society - Essay ExampleThe basic reasoning behind having a patrol force has non agitated, bu the methods that at uses and the tools at its disposal have. Thus policing in the late Nineteenth Century implied a much greater degree of one-on-one human hand than many police functions today (Holdaway, 1979). The bobby on the beat, often a member of the community who might be on first name harm with many of its inhabitants has often been replaced by the much more efficient (and yet more isolated) surveillance camera. Modern day policing is essential an commence to balance conflicting forces of engine room versus traditional techniques.An interesting attempt to return to the idea of a very visible police force was the creation of Police Community Support Officers (PCSOs) azoic in this century to support the actual police. The PCSO was introduced within the Police Reform Act of 2002 in response to increasing calls for a more approachable and convenient police force. Some confusion has occurred regarding the actual duties and powers of a PCSO, as their role is essentially defined by the Chief Constable of the area they are works within. Thus many PCSOs may detain a person for up to thirty minutes only may not use force to retard them from escaping. In what precise sense the person is then under arrest is thus uncertain (Tameside, 2006). A series of powers that nearly all PCSOs possess accept issuing Fixed Penalty Notices for various traffic, littering and animal offenses the seizure of alcohol from minors and general powers to keep the peace. In many ways they represent an attempt to return to the role previously held by foot-patrol police officers. One reason that such a naked as a jaybird position is needed is the increasing numbers of police who are now assigned to serious crime and anti-terrorism activities. In a sense the anti-terrorist activities are an extension of policing into an area normally occupied by the gird forces an d various secret (and officially non-existent) groups such as MI5 and MI6. Thus the police are being used not only to enforce British laws but to protect the population from attack from both foreign and domestic groups. For example, on 22nd of July 2005 (the day after the London bombings) a Brazilian electrician called denim Charles de Menezes was shot and killed by police officers while boarding an underground train. He was thought to be a potential suicide bomber. It turned out that he was nothing of the kind.Sir Ian Blair, the head of the Metropolitan Police, stated a few days later that police did indeed have a shoot-to-kill policy regarding suspected suicide bombers. He said that the head was the only place that a terrorist could be effectively stoppedThere is no point in shooting at someones chest because that is wherethe bomb is likely to be. There is no point in shooting anywhere else ifthey fall down and detonate it.(Blair, 2005) This is a remarkable change from the old et hos of British policing, but one that can be seen to reflect a new situation. Before the existence of the IRA there were few terrorist threats to Britain, and the new threat is greatly different because the people involved with it are quite prepared, and

Marketing Activities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Activities - Essay ExampleBy moving its Apple Mac operating system from IBM and Freescale Semiconductor Intel chips, Apple has go away from the up merchandise computer image that it had, and is now positioned to attract any computer buyer (Lukovitz, 2007).Dell Computers has used the power of the Internet to domiciliate awareness of its products and the place from where to acquire its products. To Dell Computers the Internet has been an extremely suitable means to provide the place of sale for its product of personal computers, targeting the market subdivision for personal and business purchase of computers. It is not that Dell computers has not used offline means to create awareness. It has used means like the television media for advertisements to create awareness, only if has found the Internet more powerful and easier to gauge response of its promotional activities. The successful use of the Internet is what has powered Dell Computers to its leading position in the personal computer market (Enos, 2001). In a move to make use of the powerful players on the Internet, Dell Computers has strategically tied up with attractor in Web search and advertising Google to ward off the threat from Hewlett-Packard. It forget provide its Google desktop with Google Toolbar software on its personal computers, while Google will help create awareness and sales of the new PowerEdge servers from Dell. These efforts stem from competitor activities to cut into Dells market share through reduction in price. (Dells New Marketing Strategy - Google, Servers & Storage Systems).Dell Computers also uses innovative offline marketing promotion strategies. An example of this is in its attempts to reach out to the student market for personal computers and laptops. In 2007, it tested the promotion of its products through students mobile devices, using a free offer for a plasma TV and free music download, for

Strategic Plan Internal Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Strategic Plan Internal Analysis - Essay ExampleThe bargaining power of buyers is spicy and consumers have access to much options in the mobile market characterized by the introduction of affordable smartphones from companies like Samsung and executive devices from Apple which have proved to be of high innovative power compared to BlackBerry. These companies have lured customers with exploiter friendly technologies enabling their devices to be useful in all communication and productivity purposes. The availability of more choices for consumers has reduced the power of Blackberry to demand for higher prices for its products. Carriers like Verizon and Telus purchase in large volume in order to meet their subscribers demand. When the demand of an event declines like in the case of Blackberry, vendors are forced to enter into contracts with other manufacturers to ensure demand is met and shift from low-profit grossing brand is addressed economically. Despite the fact that in that lo cation are barriers to competition established by the government in the Canadian business market, the consumers ability to choose their products is reflected in the orders booked with suppliers like Blackberry by an individual telecom carrier (Levi, 2011).In the competitive smartphone world, Blackberry lagged behind one or more phases in the adaptive cycle of innovation collect to misalignment. This happened after the launch of the iPhone, a product customers considered mobile innovation meeting customer expectations in both purpose and capabilities. The 2007 iPhone design was extremely intuitive and user friendly, a competitive product that is responsible for declining sales towards 2010. Additionally, An android platform was then introduced by Google and focused on a user interface design for their operating system. In 2008, Levi (2011) reports that Blackberry introduced the Blackberry Storm smartphone to face the competition and offer consumers an optimal experience and a better design. Unfortunately, this

Non-Conformism Is the Refusal to Conform Essay Example for Free

Non-Conformism Is the Refusal to Conform EssayNon-conformism is the refusal to conform to common standards, conventions, rules, customs, traditions, norms or laws. The bravest act of non-conformism Ive seen would have to be, Malcolm X. During his life, Malcolm went from being a medicate dealer and burglar to one of the most prominent Black Nationalist leaders in the United States he was considered by some as a martyr of Islam and a champion of equality. As a militant leader, Malcolm X advocated black pride, economic self-reliance, and identity politics. He ultimately rose to become a world-renowned African American/Pan-Africanist and human rights activist.Throughout his life Malcolm X went through many transformations and through them all he still did not conform to what social club expected of him. Malcolm (Little) X preached what he believed about racism, discrimination, and segregation. He went through many changes in his fight for equality. The three transformations that r eally changed the way Malcolm thought and preached where his transformation in prison, his transformation into the Islamic religion (following Elijah Muhammad), and the biggest transformation of all, his pilgrimage to Mecca. Malcolm had a lot of respect from those who believed in what he was preaching.He was a man who knew what he wanted and was going to change the way things were. Malcolm did not have the odds to make something of himself. He overcame those odds and became one of the most inspiring and important people in the sputter for equality. Every one should learn from the way Malcolm turned his life around for the better and how he made an impact on those around him. Malcolm (Little) X is definitely one of the people who made the biggest impact on the 20th Century. We have come along way since Malcolms assassination in the struggle for quality. We still have a ways to go before his final goal is reached.

A diverse and interesting learning environment for all students Essay Example for Free

A diverse and interesting learning environment for all students experimentAccepting attitudes towards all human beings creates a diverse and interesting learning environment for all students. I recall an incident while at a summer program a few years ago. We, the students, were staying overnight on a college campus to qualityicipate in seminars that would further our growth and readiness for the future. As part of the program, we were required to stay overnight in the dorm way of lifes. We were each paired up with one other person who would be our roommate for the two days. I come from a neighborhood that is primarily white so I was pleasantly surprised to learn that I would be sharing a room with someone who was from the Middle East. We quickly settled into our rooms and prepared ourselves for the first of two days of learning activities. My roommate awoke, got up and spread a mantelpiece on the floor to pray. I watched my roommate kneeling on the floor saying words in a lan guage that I didnt understand. When finished, I asked my roommate about this practice and learned a little bit about the Muslim religion and why prayers are said several multiplication daily.See more Satirical essay about drugsI also had the opportunity to share a little bit about my own faith. I had a large amount of respect for my roommate because it isnt easy to pray in front of other flock let alone people one doesnt even know. I also gained respect because my roommate wasnt ashamed of praying or of the Muslim faith. This experience has helped prepare me for life in a world made up of people from all over the world with different determine, viewpoints and religions.My own background and life achievements would add to the diversity of University because I too have valuable ideas and customs that would add to the interesting mix of University life. My ability to gain respect for people who have different life values enables me to be a student of a University that embraces accept ance for other cultures. Even though I would be considered the majority, I welcome the opportunity to learn on base people from different places.

Business ethic reflective essay Essay Example for Free

Business ethical code reflective essay EssayIt was probably in 2010, I was an agent in an assurance company. My duties was managing and servicing our organizations existing corporate client portfolio that has been assigned to me. One of our company increase called Saving Plan what pay an cadence of money monthly or yearly up to 6 years, the annual pass on received 6% interest and consumer can take their money binding after they complete the 6 years payment. As we know, every product might have some weaknesses while it benefits us. It is commonly that company or gross sales man will try to minimize the weakness of product while they promote it. But what I did wrong was that I did never mention the product weakness to customer that they will only get the best return (interest) after 25 years when they completed payment for 6 years manner of speaking plan, what I thought the saving plan as a force to consumer get use to save money and whoever buy the saving plan they will alw ays get their money back at the end if they complete the payment. My concern was close cases at that time.In fact, It was kind of ethic problem when I promoted products but did not let customers understand all about it. Once I heard complain from customer I felt so flagitious of myself that I had hidden from my customers. I felt shame to face my customer. I felt that was unfair to my customers and I used customers belief to pull ahead my own profit. I thought it will not have any lose for my customers even I did not tell the limitation of the product puzzle after customer complete the saving plan, they could take their money back at anytime, but customers will only get their return of this investment after 25 years when policy mature. As it tend to depend on the economy, the saving plan may not make profit for customers. This lesson has taught me how to be an ethic person. We could put ourselves as consumers that we will always wish to know the truth and we have the right. I will never do this again in my life, consider is very important and to build a trust will always get back our customers. I would like to explain and analysis all to my customer. I wish I can be a ethic person wherever I am and whatever I do.

Liver Functions, Anatomy and Diseases

coloured-colored Functions, Anatomy and DiseasesSandra Marais Nikita Wiggil Charne ScottChante WieseSue-May van der WesthuizenStephanie WillowsContents (Jump to)IntroductionThe Anatomy and function of the colouredDefinition and description of the affection fertile Liver Disease SymptomsPATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY OF FATTY LIVER distemperSTreatment and preventionIntroductionThe Anatomy and function of the LiverAnatomy is the science of the structure and term of entities. It is important for the knowledge of hepatic anatomy and surgery.The liver-colored is one of the handsomest organs of the human body after the skin it is the second largest. The liver is the largest gland in the human body, with an average weight of 1500g. The thwartwise measurements ranges between 20 and 22,5cm, its vertical measurements (close to its right/lateral surface) between 15 and 17,5cm and its antero-posterior diameter between 10 and 12,5cm. Its measurement, from reversion the vertebral column, i s reduced to roughly 7,5cm. It is found underneath the diaphragm -in the right upper abdomen, mid abdomen as well as in move of the left upper abdomen.The shape of the liver generally has the form of a wedge or a prism. consort to Synington the shape resembles that of a right-angled angulate prism with the right angle rounded off. Its base faces the right and its apex to the left, the colour of the liver is dark reddish brown it has a soft stage of density, it contains a large amount of vessels and is very brittle.In an adult, it is smaller than in a fetus. In the later ( font) it contributes roughly one thirty-six of the body weight. In the former (side) it contributes roughly one-eighteenth of the body weight.The liver has three surfaces namely the captain (Facies superior), inferior (Facies inferior/ visceral surface) and posterior (Facies posterior). The posterior surface is divided from the superior surface by a sharp margin. The superior surface attaches itself to the dia phragm as well as the anterior abdominal by the sickle-shaped ligament (ligamentum falciform hepatis). The falciform ligament separates the liver into a right lobe (lobus hepatis dexter) and a left lobe (lobus hepatis sinister). The right lobe is larger than the left. Five fossae divide the inferior and posterior surfaces into four lobes. The fossae argon consistent like the letter H. The left limb of the H is divided into what is known as the left sagittal fossa (fossa sagittalis sinistra/longitudinal fissure) consisting off the fossa of the umbilical vein and the fossa for the ductus venosus. The right limb of the H consists of the fossa for the gall-bladder (fossa vesic felle) and the fossa for the inferior vena cava (fossa ven cav). The two limbs of the H surfs as a transverse fissure- the porta (porta hepatis/transverse fissure).The superior surface is part of is part of the left and right lobe. This surface is convex. The middle part is found behind the xiphoid process and i t makes wrap up with the abdominal wall. It is entirely concealed by peritoneum, with the exception of the line of attachment of the flaciform ligament.The inferior surface is concave. It is aimed downward, backward as well as to the left. The surface is infused in peritoneum- the only parts that are with deed out it, is where the gall-bladder and the liver attaches as well as at the porta hepatis.The posterior surface has a curved surface and is immense on the right, but narrow on the left.The diaphragm is attached with a triangular and coronary ligament that intertwine connective tissue, it kick the buckets to the intimate connection of the inferior vene cava that is attached with hapatic veins that holds up the posterior part of the liver. The abdominal viscera full the abdomen, where the muscular walls are in a state of tonic contraction.The superior surface of the liver fits under the diaphragm surface, so that the instancy is seemly to hold the diaphragm. The lax falcif orm ligament creates no support for the lateral displacement and the latter creates negative impel that is held up in the thorax(Gray, Henry. Anatomy of the Human Body. PHILADELPHIA Lea Febiger, 1918 Bartleby.com, 2000. www.bartleby.com/107/. DATE of Printout.)Functions of the liverThe liver receives blood from two main sources 30% is received from the hepatic arteries and 70% is received from the hepatic portal vein. The hepatic portal vein receives blood from the stomach, intestines, pancreas and spleen which is then carried to the liver through the porta hepatis.All nutrients are thoughtless by the small intestine, all nutrients reaches the liver by this route except for lipides. Arterial blood bound for the liver exists the aorta ant the celiac trunk. These arteries deliver oxygen and other materials to the liver. (SALADIN, p. 975-977)DigestionLiver produces bile which is a mixture of water, bile salts, cholesterol and pigments of bilirubin. Bile is produced by hepatocytes i n the liver. Bile passes through the bile ducts and is stored in the gallbladder. Fats are emulsificated by bile. Large fat clumps are turned into smaller pieces which makes it easy for the body to digest. Old worn oud red blood cells are destroyed by Kupffer cells in the liver. Kupffer cells pass their elements to the hepatocytes. Haemoglobin is the red oxygen-carrying pigment of red blood cells, haemoglobin is metabolized into heme and globin components. Energy for the body comes from globin protein.MetabolismLiver is responsible for metabolizing carbohydrates , lipids and proteins into biologically useful materials. Blood entering the liver through the hepatic portal vein is rich in glucose from digested food. Some of this glucose is drinked by hepatocytes. The glucose is stored as the macromolecule glycogen. Homeostasis is maintained by the absorption and release of glucose by the hepatocytes, it helps protect the body from spikes and drops that nookie be dangerous in the blo od glucose level. Hepatocytes absorb and metabolise fatty acids to produce energy in the form of ATP. Through gluconeogenesis the hepatocytes convert glycerol and other lipid components into glucose. Cholesterol is a lipid which can also be produced by hepatocytes and gets excreted from the body as a component of bile. Amino acids is a component from dietary proteins. Amine groups are removed from the aminic acids, by the hepatocytes, which is further converted into ammonia and urea. Urea can be excreted in urine as a waste product. Urea is less deadly than ammonia.Detoxification Hepatocytes cells of the liver monitor the contents of the blood and toxic substances are removed before they reach the rest of the body. Alcohol and drugs are metabolised into their inactive metabolites by the enzymes in hepatocytes cells.StorageNutrients, vitamins and minerals obtained from the blood passing through the hepatic portal system are stored in the liver. Homeostasis of blood glucose is maint ained by the storage of nutrients. Vitamins such as A, D, E, K and B12 is stored in the liver. Minerals such as iron and copper are stored in the liver.ProductionVital protein components of blood plasma such as prothrombin, fibrinogen and albumins are produced by the liver. Prothrombin and fibrinogen proteins are factors involved in the formation of blood clots. Albumins maintain the isotonic environment of blood.ImmunityBacteria, fungi, parasites, worn out red blood cells and cellular debris are captured and digest by Kupffer cells. Large volumes of blood are cleaned very quickly by Kupffer cells due to the large volumes of blood passing through the hepatic portal system.(www.innerbody.com/image _digeov/card10-new2.html)American journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology physiology and pathophysiology of apoptosis in epithelial cells of the liver pancreas and intestine. By Blake. A. Jones Gregory. J. Gores.Published 1 December 1997 (vol.273. no.6, G1174-G1188)De finition and description of the diseaseFatty liver diseaseNon- intoxicantic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinical and ghoulish syndrome. (Zeng, et al., 2008) The main feature of NAFLD is the swelling of the (liver cells) hepatocytes because of pathological factor, alcohol excluded, that injure the liver. NAFLD is ranged from fatty liver alone to steatohepatitis, steato mortification and non- soaker steatohepartitis (NASH). (NASH) is only a stage in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. NAFLD whitethorn invite the potential to progress into cirrhosis of the liver and liver failure. Liver biopsy features include steatosis, mixed inflammatory cell-infiltration, hepatocytes ballooning and necrosis, glycogen nuclei, Mallorys hyaline and fibrosis. (Angulo, 2002)According to Jansen (2004) NASH is an under diagnosed liver disease characterized by steatosis, necro discharge and fibrosis. NASH can possibly develop into cirrhosis and hepatic cellular carcinoma. NASH incorporate mixed acut e and chronic lobular fire, zone 3 perisinusiodal fibrosis and ballooning (Brunt, et al., 1999). hard liver disease.Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) includes a variety of spectrum of injury that can be from simple steatosis to uncivil cirrhosis. There are 3 groups of histological stages of ADL. Fatty liver or simple steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis and chronic hepatitis with hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis. ALD can be caused by different types of factors including dose, duration and type of alcohol consumption and risk factors like obesity iron overload ect.Fatty Liver Disease SymptomsNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease causes no signs or symptoms that can be noticed but when it is noticed, it show signs ofFatigue Pain in the right upper abdomen slant loss. Inflammation and scarring of the liver Possible progression to liver failure.Symptoms consists of four (4) stages namely simple-minded fatty liver disease ( steatosis), Non-alcoholic Fatty liver Disease (NAFLD), Fibrosis And Cirrhosis .Simple fatty liver (Steatosis)- There are no clear symptoms and it can only be discoverd by an abnormal blood test result.Non-alcoholic Steotohepatitis (NASH)- It is the most in-your-face form of this condition, it causes the liver to become inflamed creating a dull or aching pain in the top right abdomen, covering the raze side of the ribs. There may be no signs of any symptoms at all and it can only be discovered by specialized testing.Fibrosis- Constant inflammation in the liver which leads to the formation of scar tissue.Cirrhosis- Over a long period of time, it creates inflammation which can lead to the loss of liver function- which may lead to creating primary cancer.ALCOHOL-RELATED (ARLD)It shows no symptoms until the liver has already been intemperately damaged and it causes symptoms such as Feeling sick, weak or tired Loos of weight Loss of thirst Jaundice- the yellowing of the eyes and skin The swelling of the stomach and ankles Confusion or drowsiness The excretion o r the vomiting of blood.Alcohol related fatty liver disease is constantly diagnosed because of other conditions or other tests.PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY OF FATTY LIVER DISEASESFatty Liver Disease encompasses two over head segments, namely Alcoholic Liver Disease and Non Alcoholic Liver Disease.ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE (ALD)Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) encompasses the manifestations of the liver that is caused by the over consumption of alcohol (ethanol). It includes Fatty Liver, Alcoholic Hepatitis, and Chronic Hepatitis with liver cell fibrosis or cirrhosis.*1Ethanol metabolization takes place in the liver. There are two main pathways of alcohol metamorphosis, namely alcohol dehydrogenase and cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2 E1. The first pathway works as follows Firstly ethanol is metabolized by Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) into Acetaldehyde in the cytoplasm. The second word form occurs in the smooth Endoplasmic reticulum of mitochondria, where Acetaldehyde is further metabolized by A ldehyde dehydrogenase into acetate. Acetate is then finally oxidized into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water. CYP 2E1 also converts ethanol into acetaldehyde (OShea, et al., 2010).Liver damage occurs in a few mutually related pathwaysAcetaldehyde can form hybrid-adducts with reactive residues acting on proteins or small molecules, mediating lipid peroxidation and nucleic acid oxidation. (French, et al., 1984)During further metabolization of alcohol, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) is reduced. This causes a shift in the NADH/NAD ratio. A higher NADH (reduced form of NAD) concentration increases the production of fatty acids, while lower concentrations of NAD result in decreased fatty acid oxidation. This altered ratio impair the metabolization of carbohydrates and lipids, resulting in the diversion from gluconeogenesis to ketogenesis and fatty acid synthesis. The liver cells tangled the fatty acids to glycerol to form triglycerides. These accumulating triglycerides result in fat ty liver. This leads to oxidative stress, which plays a pivotal role in ALD development. (French, et al., 1984)Furthermore, Acetaldehyde interacts through covalent rear with reactive residues of proteins found on the membranes of liver cells. This binding results in the formation of stable protein by-products which have been shown to be immunogenic. Tissue damage and ALD may be caused by this, because the neo-antigens may induce an immune reaction with anti-body production. CYP 2 E 1, when exposed to chronicle alcohol use generates bump radicals through the oxidation of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide orthophosphate (NADPH) to NADP (OShea, et al., 2010). This exposure activates hepatic macrophages, also known as Kupffer cells, which leads to Tumor Necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is increased by the mitochondria, which in turn was induced by the TNF-alpha. This also promotes oxidative stress, which leads to hepatocytes necrosis and apoptosis. Many alcoholics have a condition of malnutrition. The deficiency in anti-oxidants, such as vitamin E, only worsens the necrosis and apoptosis. Free radicals initiate the oxidative degradation of lipids, which causes inflammation and liver tissue becomes scarred.Although the over consumption of alcohol is the primary cause of ADL, it is not always a pre-requirement for ALD development. It is important to understand the mechanisms of liver damage. When liver cells are exposed to alcohol, ATP synthesis is reduced and the activity of mitochondrial complexes is depressed. This causes energy metabolism of liver cells to be severely weaker and results in tissue damage.Metabolization of ethanol takes place in the centrilobular area of the liver lobule. Hypoxia alters energy metabolism, therefore centrilobular hypoxia can also be responsible for liver injury.The pathophysiology of alcoholic liver disease is very complex and further in depth investigation to understand the dise ase and how to treat it is being done.NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD)Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is an over arching term for a variety of conditions associated with fat depositions in liver cells. NAFLD ranges from Simple fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), to fibrosis and cirrhosis.The first stage of NAFDL is simple fatty liver or steatosis. It is considered harmless and only consists of a fat build up in the liver.The second stage, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is more serious, but not many individuals progress to this state from simple fatty liver.Two liver insults may lead to the development of NASH. With the first insult or hit, macro-vesicular steatosis (abnormal retention of lipids within a cell) occurs as a result of an undue amount of triglycerides accumulating in the liver. The cause of triglyceride accumulation can result from excessive importation of free fatty acids from adipose tissue.*5The accumulating lipids in the liver cells seem to be caused by insulin resistance. Insulin resistance leads to changes in the livers enzymatic pathways that control free fatty acid uptake, synthesis, degradation and the secretion of free fatty acids. A crucial paradox arises the liver maintains its liver lipid metabolization, but carbohydrate metabolism is weakened or damaged. Hepatic steatosis caused by these factors can result into diminished hepatic free fatty acid oxidation, more hepatic lipogenesis or few lipids are secreted from the liver. Along with insulin resistance, obesity plays an important role in the development of NAFLD.These alterations make the liver sensitive for the second insult or hit, which is an inflammatory rejoinder and further liver damage (Carey, et al., 2013). Toxic inflammatory proteins are secreted by the cytokines in the liver.*6 Hepatocyte apoptosis, an organized form of cellular death, is a leading component of the second insult of NAFLD progression.Oxidative stress and resulting lipid peroxidati on are involved in the progression of NAFLD to NASH. The term oxidative stress is frequently used to picture the imbalances in redox couples. *7 This metabolic reaction produce too much reactive free radicals called reactive oxygen species (ROS). This process usually occurs in the mitochondria. Lipid peroxidation can lead to changes in the cell membrane fluidity and these alterations cause tissue damage.Fibrosis is the third stage of NAFLD. NASH develops to form fibrosis if it is not treated. Fibrosis occurs where chronicle inflammation in the liver results in the formation of fibrous scar tissue around hepatic cells and blood vessels. The liver still functions normally, because there is still enough healthy tissue.The forth and most severe stage of NAFLD is cirrhosis. During this stage lots of scar tissue develops. This causes the liver to shrink and change morphologically. The damage caused by cirrhosis is permanent and cannot be saved or reversed. The progression of cirrhosis is slow, but it ultimately causes the liver to stop functioning.*8Treatment and preventionBasic therapy you have to work out a strategic plan of the intake of calories and adjustment of diet constitution. Medium aerobic exercise and the changing of some life styles and behaviour. metric weight unit reduction The most important fact of weigh reduction is not the amount of weight loss but how the weight is lost. Losing weight rapidly may increase portal inflammation and fibrosis. A relatively safe goal is to lose about 1.6kg per week.Liver transplantation For some patients liver transplantation is recommended. metabolic states should be examined before the transplantation. A BMI 40kg lm2 is a contrain dication (Zeng, et al., 2008)Abstinence This is a very important therapeutic intervention for patients that have ALD. Abstinence helps to decrease portal pressure and lower progression to cirrhosis.

Working with children in need

Working with babyren in needThis appellative depart explain the role of a Local Authority (LA) Social proletarian (SW) when running(a) with children in need and their families, and those in need of safeguarding and bulwark, allow also explain the main role of children and families sw and reasons why they would be involved. Furthermore it will discuss the importance of multidisciplinary working identify different forms of abuse, their impact and alleviation. In line with evidence based practice, the Children Act 1989 sections 17 and 47 will be analysed as intervention methodsIts important as a sw to utilise an understanding of theories of homophile growth and teaching to understand the various stages of development that the children are undergoing, before making any decision of safeguarding. Children in need whitethorn have faced extraordinary experiences in their early lives that may get word their physical, intellectual, emotional, social or behavioural development. Safeg uarding is defined by (HM Government 2013) as the action we take to promote the welfare of children and cling to them from harm. Child defense is defined by RCPCH, (2006) as the process of protecting individual children identified as either suffering, or likely to suffer, significant harm as a result of abuse or neglect.Section 17 (10) of the Children Act 1989 (CA 1989) defines a child in need as a child who is marvellous to achieve or maintain, or to have the opportunity of achieving or maintaining, a reasonable standard of health or development without the provision for him/her of services by a local authority or his/her health or development is likely to be significantly impaired, or further impaired without the provision for him/her of such services or he/she is disabled (H M Government, 1989, section 17) gives LA duties and powers to yield services for children in need and their families Part 111 (Sec17 (1)).When a referral is made, LA is agonistic to consider initial en quiries within 10 days. This is to find out what is happening to a child and decide which action should be taken to protect the child as set in the CA1989 S47 of Protection of Children (Brammer 2013). This guide draws on all professionals to work together to promote childrens welfare and ensures families are provided with much necessary resources.In some historic children cases these processes werent upheld and lead to the death of children like Baby P and Victoria Climbie. Lord Laming ((Laming and Office, 2003)) stated that communication has played a major role in successes and failures of the system. He also made recommendations that will ignite working together in terms multi-disciplinary teams working together education sharing Connolly and Ward, (2008) suggested It is good practice to consider childrens rights to protection as of paramount duty and at the same time work in confederation with their parents unless doing so would harm them.The Framework for Assessment of Childr en (Figure 1) in Need and their Families (DoH, 2000) emphasises the use of an ecological salute to identify the child within the environment and offers a holistic approach (Bronfenbrenner, 1979). It enables professionals to identify systems affecting a child, the most and the social forces impacting on his lifespan in that locationfore, resulting in interventions being applied where they are needed most. An ecological approach looks at people, families, cultures, communities, policies and identifies and intervenes upon strengths and weaknesses in the transactional processes between these systems (Greene and Greene, 2008). Figure1 (Department of Health 2000, p.1)Living conditions may result in disturbed nights, which can lead to strain and tiredness (Hazel, 2002). Similarly, inadequate lodging may cause parents anxiety and affect their capacity to care for the children. Therefore, a sw could use their powers to make a referral for families to acquire an adequate accommodation. Acc ording to lamella and Jack (2007) the ecological theory is important in the development of holistic approaches to safeguarding children. Its strengths are that it focuses on individuals as part and incorporating other systems, so it integrates social with psychological elements of practice however, it is criticised for assuming that everything fits into a social articulate (Payne, 2009).A SW is expected to consider human rights issues when completing any assessment. In the community theres a whole variety of conventions e.g. ethnic minorities, women, disabled people, homo inners children just to mention a few. Professionals are required to uphold and defend the rights of individuals whilst seeking to meet their needs and this are all governed by The Human Rights Act 1998. Brayne Shoot, (2010) said the act has also heavily influenced the Disability Discriminations Act, (2005) and Equality Act, (2006 2010)Welbourne (2012) said SW is a profession that engages with peoples lives at all levels, from the practical to the deeply personal. Lord Laming (2003) said child protection is everyones business, and its important that SW, police, and health workers take the lead role for the procedures and processes that protect children from harm.The CA 1989 sec 47(1) places a duty on LA to investigate when they are informed that a child who lives or is found in their areais the subject of an emergency protection orderis in police custodyhave reasonable cause to suspect that a child who lives, or is found in the area is suffering, or is likely to suffer a significant harmLA will conduct an initial child protection conference that consists of all professionals including the child, family members. This is a partnership aimed at setting out plans in place for both family and the group members. They will meet within 10 days after the initial conference and at least 8 weeks after that. The plan will be considering day to day details of the care plan and to put it into practice. After the case has been opened, implemented and put into practice, a Review Child Protection scale Conference is called to review and assess the progress of the case. The first review is held within 3 months of the initial conference and at least six months after that. A SW will always aim to achieve results and return the child to their parents.Working Together to Safeguard Children 2006 (Department of Health) has 5 identifiable forms of abuse as neglect, physical, emotional, sexual and domestic abuses, and the latter has been recently added and recognised in its own right. Coleen L (2003) suggested that Negligence can include behaviours that receipt, fraudulently misrepresentation, defamation of character act, violation of human rights, malicious prosecution.Maureen OLoughlin and Steve OLoughlin (2008) suggested that Parents have a central role in their childrens welfare and protection from harm, and should therefore be included in all decisions and actions taken by professional s Parents have their complex needs as well, some abuse drugs and alcohol and generally have low self-esteem. If parents deny sw access to a child and theres a possibility of a greater risk of life or likelihood of serious harm, LA will apply for the Child Assessment Order sec43 CA 1989 when they considering any kind of contact, LA would have reasons to suspect concerns with development, welfare and health of a child. This order will only last 8 days without extension. Emergency Protection Order (EPO) under S44 of the CA 1989. It can last for 8 days with the pickaxe to extend for 7 more days. Brayne Carr, (2010) suggested that It is important that any discussions with children are done in a way that minimises the distress and maximises the likelihood of them providing clear and accurate accounts The children may be looked after by the LA with parental agreement (Children Act, 1989, sec. 20. A child may only be kept in police protection however, for 72 hours (Brammer 2006). Other or der available is Recovery order sec50, will be applied if a child under PPO or EPO is removed from the creditworthy applicant. Police can recover the child and return them to the place of safety.SW has an obligation to conduct themselves ethically, engaging in ethical decisionmaking, including partnership working with service users and this was quoted by The computer code of Ethics for Social Work (BASW, 2011). Social work is a very privileged profession, they draw up conclusions and judgement on what they observe and hear. Hence its necessary to develop an inner skill not to use prejudice in any engagement. Empowerment has been understood as a paradigm within anti-discriminatory and anti-oppressive practice (Lishman, 2007) and can be implemented through partnership working, which is a key social work value (Thompson, 2009).This assignment has shown how and why a sw would intervene when a child becomes in need. It also discussed the LAs responsibility for children in need and their families. Aim is to protect and safeguard children from harm by forming partnership working with families assist in providing alternative services to promote their welfare. The assignment drew up on germane(predicate) legislation that ensure welfare of a child remains paramount, also challenges all professionals to collaborate in a systematic manner. Children have been let ingest in the past and Every Child Matters ensured it is everyones responsibility to ensure that their health and development is secured. This reiterates the importance of SWs impact into the system, drawn from Code of Ethics sws should always challenge any discrimination, recognise diversity, always distribute resources to those in need, challenge unjust policies and practices and work in solidarity. In conclusion a sw would not be aware if a child is in need or requires protection however, the facts in this essay provide a sensible method of judgement on whether a child is in need or at risk of significant ha rm.

Development of Buildability and Constructability

Development of Buildability and ConstructabilityWhat is buildability or constructability? Is figure of speech for buildability or constructability is approachable? Can buildability thinkerls and theories enhance purporters sentiency of look know takege and buildability issues and reduce rework and step-up construction productivity? , or can it inadvertently limit seeers creativity? At the heart of this appraise makeup argon debates about the potential of buildability concept and the usability of construction knowledge in design to sustain and develop buildable designs.Construction is the worlds largest and nigh challenging effort R. L. Tucker, 1986. In 1997, the US construction attention accounted for 10% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employed over 10 Million, making the persistence the largest in the plain E. Allmon, C. T. Hass, J. D. Borcherding and P. M. Goodrum, 2000. On the other hand, a 10% increase in construction labour productivity would yield annual s avings of about 1 billion to the British economy R. M. W. Horner, B. T. Talhouni and H. R. Thomas, (1989). a similar conclusion was echoed by Stoekel and Quirke S. Adams, (1989).. Several factors affect realise productivity but, buildability is among the most important R. M. W. Horner, B. T. Talhouni and H. R. Thomas, 1989)., S. Adams, (1989).In example, design and construction impactes are normally carried out in a sequential manner. Since 1805 the construction industry has benefited from the various advantages this approach (Dunican, 1984). It allows the different parties in the project to compete and permit the best results for the project while defending and upholding their rights and duties deep down their respective disciplines (Griffith, 1986).Although the separation of design and construction allows the construction mathematical operationes to be managed systematically betwixt the various stages and disciplines, the industry is still universe criticised for poor p erformance, being under productive, lack of competitiveness, and consuming longer product development time.Various studies become revealed that since 1950, the construction industry has realised the important of analysing design for construction implications, if the production work on site is to be effectively performed (Gray,1986). To overcome this inherent problems from the separation of design and construction, a concept known as buildability in the UK and constructability in USA is established and marketed to the industry (Illingworth, 1984 CIRIA, 1983 NEDO, 1975 Griffith, 1985 Gray, 1983 Moore, 1996). By using the buildability concept as a means to mitigate the construction industry, many ideas have been put forward by various researchers to remove the disadvantages of separating the design and construction process (Illingworth, 1983 CIRIA, 1983 CII, 1986 Tatum, 1987).The issue of buildability and academic research in the knowledge domain for that matter has been an evolv ing one over the last trey decades moulded by re military action to changes in the procurance environment and in the issue of academic buildability research, to advancements in the comprehension of methodology. Regarding the latter, developing techniques such as neural networks, befuddled decision making, buildability lots system and 3d/4d technology technologies have witnessed application among a range of assessing buildabilty problems (ref.).This paper will palingenesis and synthesise the existing research efforts in order to establish state of the art collective knowledge in relation to buildability problems causes and effects. It aims to spend a penny two separate taxonomies, which are comprehensive collections of all project change causes and change effects identified in previous studies. A simple case study is presented to demonstrate how the taxonomies provide a useful framework for construction professionals to manage project changes. However, they are not managemen t tools that can be apply directly in practice. Instead, they provide a basis for developing project management solutions and toolkits. While the industry focus of this study is construction, the developed taxonomies can be modified and adopted for other project-based industrial sectors (change).Aim and objectives of this studyThis backcloth of evolvement brings matters conveniently to the focus of this study, the aim of which was to critically appraise academic research within the field of construction buildability, produce over a time window of circa 30 years prior to 2011.Objectives related to this aim included particular circumstance of(1) the foci of that research(2) stated research drivers(3) favoured methodo analytic approaches(4) research tools employed and(5) the products of research effort. Buildability assessment method(6) Buildability attributesBased on observation of outcomes resulting from satisfying these objectives, the contribution of publish academic research i s considered, and future research direction intimated.The literature reviewThe nous method for this study is literature review and analysis. A preliminary review found that studies on buildability assessment fall into a broad spectrum, covering buildability problems causes and effects, buildability attributes, as well as assessment methods and techniques.Given the large volume of published work, there was a need to set a limit to the scope of the review. The study was chosen to focus on buildability assessment models and the stages of its carrying out, because a unplayful arrangement of buildability models is a prerequisite for effective. Such a decision excluded papers from the review.The targeted literature sources are limited to refereed academic journals, published in English. They are a good representation of the breadth and depth of research achievements and they have been scrutinised through peer review. In recent years, most academic journals began to provide online acc ess. The emergence of a tally of publication index infobases has greatly assisted the literature search task. As for the date of publication, no explicit restriction was set. However, because few pre 1990s publications were covered by the online index databases the round of papers identified for that period is very small. This will be revealed in the following analyses.Development of buildability and constructability conceptThe word buildability appears to have archetypal entered the language in the late nineteen seventies D. W. Cheetham and J. Lewis, (2001).. Concerns on the disparate phases in building development was raised in the early 1960s when a series of studies, such as Emmerson (1962), Banwell (1964), Tavistock (1965), EDC (1967) and NEDO (1975), were carried out in the UK.The issue of buildability and academic research in the field for that matter has been an evolving one over the last three decades moulded by reaction to changes in the procurement environment an d in the case of academic buildability research, to advancements in the science of methodology. Regarding the latter, developing techniques such as neural networks, fuzzy decision making, buildability scores system and 3d/4d technology technologies have witnessed application among a range of assessing buildabilty problems (ref.).To gain a better understanding of buildability problems, especially their causes and effects, has been a long-standing research challenge.Emmerson ReportAn early attempt to address buildability can be credited to Sir Harold Emmerson (1962) when he suggested the development of a new form of relationship between designers and constructors. The point of concern was the lack of ropiness between designers and constructors and the inability of both parties to see the whole construction process through each others eyes. The report was the depression that has emphasised that the inefficiencies in the construction industry stemmed from inadequacies of communication s and coordination. The quality of the relationship between the professions and subcontractors was seen as affecting the efficiency of building operations. Emmerson criticised the lack of cohesion existing within the industry.Banwell ReportIn the UK, since the Emmerson Report (1962), numerous researches had been carried out to identify the causes of buildability problems and search for solutions for emendment. Banwell 1964 highlighted the fragmented characteristics of the industry and inefficient designs produced by designers deficient in construction knowledge without involvement of contractors. Banwell 1964 suggested that design and construction must be considered together and that in the traditional contracting situation, the contractor is too far remote from the design stage at which his specialised knowledge and techniques could be put to invaluable useThe report called for more attention to be given to pre-contract preparedness and design provision and criticised professio nalism as being narrow sighted, giving rise to unnecessary and inefficient construction practices. It was suggested that clients define their building requirements clearly at the cast down of the design stage the building process should better integrate the stages of design and construction and that traditional construction practices should be reviewed to seek interdisciplinary approach.A attendant study (Economic Development Council 1967) reported that the recommendations made in the Banwell Report had not been successfully implemented within the construction industry and that flexible approaches to traditional procedures should be sought and new initiatives developed if meaningful change within the industry was to be achieved.The Wood Report in the mid-1970s (National Economic Development Office 1975) suggested that in the decade following the Emmerson and Banwell reports some improvements had been made in the quest for integrating better the processes of design and construction . In general however, the original problems remained and it was suggested that efforts should be directed towards increase the level of awareness for the problems and designing measures to bring together the design and construction processes such that the construction stage might directly capitalise on design initiatives.TavistockLater, the report of the Tavistock (1965) highlighted that the causes of the communication problems between contracting parties could be attributable to the division of responsibilities and the pattern of relationships. Since then, the need to integrate disparate development phases has triggered a large number of studies in different countries.GriffithGriffith (1984) suggested inviting construction expertise early at the design stage, using contractual arrangements that facilitate the improvement of buildability. Griffith (1984) further pointed out that the capability of project management embracing suitable procurement approaches would contribute to improv ed buildability with concomitant benefits for boilersuit project performance.Griffith and Sidwell (1997) withal maintained that decisions taken early in a projects life cycle have greater potential to influence the final outcome of the project, based on the Pareto Principle.Griffith and Sidwell (1997) highlighted that buildability must be considered from the first notional idea suggested by the client, and is quite simply a prerequisite throughout what may be considered to be a staged process.Griffith and Sidwell 17 identified several similar problems, which are lack of consideration on interrelationship between different construction elements and skills required and less flexibility of design and leeway within design elaborate for materials, components, plants and craft tolerances.Constructability includes number of activities during all project life cycle phases. Griffith Sidwell (1995) believe that application of these activities during early stages of correspond construction projects causes more influences on overall terms and value.Constructability must always remain as the ingenious thinking throughout the project life cycle to overcome project difficulties and barriers. Griffith Sidwell (1997) illustrate some of these difficulties such as low level of awareness demarcation lack of incentives reticence and competitive stance adopted by construction professionals. So identification, mitigation and review of constructability barriers and barrier-breakers, which affect directly on efficiently implementation of a constructability program, is a must during project life cycle (OConnor Miller, 1994, 1995).Griffith (1987) suggested a compromise between consciously making the design more buildable and accommodating the many factors imparting an influence upon design, including quality, aesthetics, time and cost.It is essential to consider constructability at an early stage in the total construction process, because the ability to influence project cost, an d so value for money, from the client s viewpoint, diminish as the project progresses in time. (Griffith Sidwell, 1995).Construction projects can be divided into different stages as conceptual planning and briefing, design, procurement, construction and post construction (start up and use) (Alan Griffith Sidwell, 1995).Generally, there are many all-around benefits of good constructability these are measurable not only in cost and time, but also in terms of the physiological and psychological gains for the participants in the total construction process (Alan Griffith Sidwell, 1995).Griffith (1987) suggested a compromise between consciously making the design more buildable and accommodating the many factors imparting an influence upon design including quality, aesthetics, time, and cost.Methods should be sought to improve constructability by designing for economical use of labor and widely available and versatile tools, plant and equipment.Griffith (1984 1985) also added that manag erial aspects have the greatest potential to increase productivity and achieve good buildability.A subsequent research study (Griffith 1984 Griffith 1985a) was similarly narrow in scope, but recognised in its findings the fundamental failing in focusing narrowly on the attributes of design to aid construction on site. It was suggested that concentrating on design was important, but that project site and management-based factors must also be considered. The difficulties surrounding the determination of conceptual boundaries for buildability have been discussed in further studies (Bishop 1985 Griffith 1985b).It was the narrow focus, together with the complexities of the traditional contractual processes, that led to the diminishing interest in buildability concepts within the UK construction industry during the late 1980s.Creating a building that is easier to construct cannot be the sole aim of the client (Griffith Sidwell 1995).Further research by Griffith and Sidwell (1995) presen ts an scheme for developing a constructability strategy at each key stage of the construction process. This considers many of the factors suggested by Chen and McGeorge. This approach sought to stimulate yeasty thought about the nature of each stage such that important questions and considerations about the building process would not be missed and to encourage action to be taken by the respective participants to pursue constructability.In the strategic consideration of constructability it is likely that future research and practice might focus on the more holistic view of constructability to develop more encompassing strategies to be developed for considering constructability at each stage in the total building process the concentration on a fewer number of factors which influence constructability such that greater reliability can be built in to the strategies developed and the formulation of management methods that are readily adaptable to the individual project situation, includ ing non-traditionally procured projects.CIRIAThereafter, the Construction patience look and Information Association (CIRIA) (1983) in the UK introduced the concept of buildability and the Construction Industry Institute (CII) (1986) in the US developed the notion of constructability. The CIRIA (1983) defined buildability as the extent to which the design of a building facilitates ease of construction, subject to the overall requirements for the blameless building. It indicates the importance of design considerations geared towards buildability improvement. Subsequently, a similar concept of constructability was introduced by the CII (1986) as the optimum use of construction knowledge and experience in planning, design, and procurement and field operations to achieve overall project objectives. It dealt with the optimal integration of construction expertise and experience at various project stages to achieve the overall project goals. Since then, numerous studies have been conduct ed in order to strive for better project performance through improving buildability. For examples, Francis et al. (1999) found that better buildability could contribute to early completion of projects Jergeas and Put (2001) as well as Low and Abeyegoonasekera (2001) showed that buildable designs would lead to saving in project costs and costs of change orders others such as Trigunarsyah (2004a, 2004b) and Low (2001) pointed out that buildable designs would bring about improved quality and safety performance, as well as higher productivity levels, and mitigate the risks of unforeseen problems. condescension these developments, it has become evident that the progress of resolving buildability problems is still unsatisfactory. Construction industry review reports typically found contractors having little input into the design (Egan, 1998), or consultants putting little emphasis on buildability (CIRC, 2001). The ensuing review by Wolstenholme (2009) of the UK construction industry als o points to the need for better integration of the construction tot chemical chain using a whole life cycle approach. More specifically, some good examples of involving the contractors early in the design process have been cited, indicating the need to improve buildability.In view of these findings, a set of principles targeted at designers under the traditional procurement system was drawn up by the Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA).Following the reports of Emmerson and Banwell, the Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA) supported a study research initiative to investigate what they regarded to be, the principal problems of construction practice. Their attention focused on a concept which they referred to as buildability, suggesting that building designs were not providing value for money in terms of the efficiency and long suit in the way in which the building process was then being carried out (change). The report o f their investigations, Buildability An Assessment, (CIRIA 1983) presented seven categories of buildability principles to carry out thorough investigation and design plan for essential site production requirements plan for a practical sequence of operations and early enclosure plan for simplicity of assembly and logical trade sequences detail for maximum repetition and standardisation detail for achievable tolerance and specify robust and suitable materials. CIRIA stated that their methodological approach provided data that were too limited to be certain that the categories identified were final and universal, although they had sufficient confidence to publish the categories as provisional guidelines. It is from this original study that buildability research and practice evolved (change). The initial CIRIA report was followed by a further study (Adams 1989) in which the original seven categories of buildability principles were further developed to present 16, more definite, principl es. This study is most purposeful since, although it still focuses on design, it does begin to widen the perspective of buildability and point the way towards recognising the true complexity and multifaceted nature of the issues involved.The first CIRIA study, while laudibly ski lift general awareness to the concepts and principles of buildability and therefore achieving its basic objective, was unfortunately restricted in focus.Egan ReportMore recently, the Egan Report (1998) awakened attentions that the general buildability performance was far from being satisfactory. Contractors were also found to have little input into the design in the UKs construction scene, thus constituting a comparatively lower productivity figure for the industry (Graham and Bird, 2001).Egan (1998) claims that too much time is spent in construction on site trying to make design work in practice. He adds that contractors have little input into the design and this is indicative of a fundamental malaise in t he industry the separation of design from the rest of the project. This is mainly because the traditional procurement method of design-bid-build remains rooted within the industry (Arditi et al. 2002 Song et al. 2009 Kent and Becerik- Gerber 2010). Egan (1998) subsequently encouraged longer term procurement relationships in favour of selective methods, as a mechanism to achieving quality and efficiency improvement while in a second report (Egan, 2003), arguably rooted the term integrated supply chains into procurement dialogue. More recently, the Egan Report (1998) awakened attentions that the general buildability performance was far from being satisfactory. Contractors were also found to have little input into the design in the UKs construction scene, thus constituting a comparatively lower productivity figure for the industry (Graham and Bird, 2001).Over the years since the definition of buildability has been put forward by the CIRIA 1983, lots of studies have highlighted the pro spective benefits to be brought about by improved constructability Arditi et al. 2002 McGeorge and Palmer 2002 CIRC 2001 Francis et al. 1999 CIIA 1996 CII 1986 Griffith 1984 Gray 1983. With the potential benefits as incentives, methods and practices have been proposed for more efficient designs minimizing construction wastages on site. However, as time passes by, the progress of resolving constructability problems is still regarded as being unsatisfactory CIRC 2001 Egan 1998. The underlying reasons are multifaceted Ma et al. 2001 Uhlik and Lores 1998 Griffith and Sidwell 1995 OConnor and Miller 1994, which have led to the current sluggish use of pull factors in the pursuit for better design constructability. More recently, push factors have been put in place by the Singaporean Government, which has enforced a legislation to enhance constructability by requiring minimum buildable scores to be attained before building plans are approved. The calculation of buildable scores is based on the buildable design appraisal system BDAS, which was modeled from the in-house buildability appraisal system of a major Japanese contractor, Takenaka Corporation Poh and Chen 1998. After the implementation of BDAS, follow-up studies have demonstrated the correlations between higher buildable scores and the improvements of site productivity, construction quality, and manpower consumption Lam 2002 Low 2001 Poh and Chen 1998.Buildability is a major issue across global construction industries and in particular the UK industry.